Hurricane the song essays

Hurricane the song essays The song "Hurricane" by Bob Dylan tells the story of a man who was accused of murder and spent years in prison for a crime he did not commit. The song is disturbing in its story of lies and racism that put Rubin Carter in prison. This story is a good example of society labeling someone a deviant, and that "deviant" struggling to overcome that stigma. The song reflects on how people's status can make them believable without an actual judgement of their individual character. For some like Rubin Carter, failing to look beyond a person's status can have terrible consequences. "Hurricane" could have a positive impact on anyone in society who realizes there are injustices that surround us every day. Although we cannot give Rubin Carter back those years of his life he spent in prison, we can work to make sure it doesn't happen again. The blatant injustices depicted in this song, and the fact that it is a true story, made me realize just how unfair life can be. When I first heard the song at seventeen, I had a more idealistic view of the world. I thought bad people went to jail, and good people were found innocent at trial. The fact that the jury convicted Rubin Carter without a murder weapon and without the victim's positive identification is not the most disturbing part of the song. The fact that policemen and other people lied to put this man in jail is appalling, and to top it all off, they only did it to him because he was black. I did not find out until much later that Rubin Carter was released from jail. It made me happy to know that he got his life back, however all the years he lost in jail cannot be replaced. I'm sure there are some people who still think he is guilty. Once again, the unfairness of the whole situation is overwhelming. It is unsettling to thik this happens to people who may ne ver have a song or movie about them to tell their story. They sit in a prison cell day after day knowing they don't belong t...

Missing Information in APA Referencing

Missing Information in APA Referencing Missing Information in APA Referencing Referencing can be tricky even if you have all the source details. But what do you do when you can’t find an author’s name or a date of publication? In this post, we look at how to deal with missing information in APA referencing. Sources Without a Named Author: Organizational Authors Not every source will name the person who wrote it. When this happens, you can cite an organizational author instead (i.e., the company or organization that produced the source): Anonymity can affect the psyche over prolonged periods (American Psychological Association, 2008). Here, for example, we’re citing the American Psychological Association. We would then cite the same organizational author in the reference list at the end of the document. For instance: American Psychological Association (2008). The Psychological Effects of Anonymity on Self-Esteem. New York, NY: APA Press Inc. If you cite a source like this more than once, you may also want to abbreviate the organization’s name. You can do this within a citation by adding the abbreviation in square brackets: Anonymity can affect the psyche over prolonged periods (American Psychological Association [APA], 2008). On the next citation, we would then use the abbreviation by itself instead of repeating the full organization name again. Sources Without a Named Author: Anonymous Authors If a source truly has no author to name, APA recommends using the title in place of a name in citations and the reference list. If the title is quite long, you should also shorten it. For instance, we could cite an anonymous book called How to Cite Sources Effectively like this: Citing sources with missing information can be difficult (How to Cite, 2001). We would then use the full source title in place of an author’s name in the reference list. The only time you should attribute something to â€Å"Anonymous† is when the author is listed as such on the source. Sources Without a Year of Publication If you cannot find a date of publication for a source, use the phrase â€Å"n.d.† This is short for â€Å"no date.† We would use it in a citation like this, for instance: Time makes fools of us all (Smith, n.d.). We would then also use â€Å"n.d.† in place of a year in the reference list. Sources Without Page Numbers Possibly the most common issues of missing information in APA referencing is that some sources, such as websites, do not have page numbers. In cases like this, APA says you can use a paragraph number in citations: Smith (2003) rejects the â€Å"supposed need for page numbers† (para. 6). As a rule, paragraph numbers are most useful for shorter documents where you can quickly count the number of paragraphs therein (or for sources that come with pre-numbered paragraphs). Summary: Missing Information in APA Referencing If you cannot find full source information, APA referencing suggests: Cite an organizational author if a source is missing a named author. If there is no suitable organizational author either, use the source title instead. Use the abbreviation â€Å"n.d.† if a source has no year of publication. Use a paragraph number if a source has no page numbers. The points above should cover most cases of missing information in APA. However, remember to check carefully before using these methods. Most sources will have the information you need available, even if it is not easy to spot at first. And don’t forget that you can have your work proofread to make sure your referencing is complete.

Multicultural psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Multicultural psychology - Essay Example The recent film Syriana is perhaps the first mainstream American film to deal with Muslim culture in a three-dimensional manner. Despite this-or perhaps because of this-the film has been attacked by those on the right wing. Syriana is a multi-layered story that delineates the complexity of the global energy business and how it is affected both by western politics and religious faith. The backlash against the film by conservatives and big-business proponents probably has mostly to do with the painting of the American government as being far more interested in profits than democratic ideals. Perhaps the most surprising thing about the complaints against the film is that very little has been made about the utter humanization of the Muslim characters. The Muslim culture remains a mystery to most people in the West; films and television provide most of us with our only glimpse into how these people live. Syriana shows Muslim people throughout the strata of society, from those who run countries and industry down to the workers displaced by the Machiavellian international machinations behind oil production.

Media Buying Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Media Buying - Assignment Example 2. The outside back cover is outside back page of any magazine which is seen by everyone. It is also considered the best exposure just next to the cover page. The rate for outside back cover (1 * rate) in Canadian Geographic is $ 22,470. 4. BBM provides video call facility, receive and send messages with unlimited length, real time confirmation facilities when messages are being delivered, written and read. It can also send files, documents, music, and videos up to 16 MB. 5. Three time categories for television advertising are: Morning drive time which is from 6 A.M. to 10 A.M., Midday which is from 10 A.M. to 3 P.M. and afternoon and evening time which is from 3 P.M. to midnight. 6. The full form of GRP is Gross Rating Point. It measures total rating points during a advertising campaign. A rating point can be defined as one percent of the targeted and potential audience. Calculation of GRP is: Actual reach * Frequency = GRP. 7. Day part is a method through which division of time for radio or television advertisement can be done in a fair and standardized way. Outline of a possible day part classification is as follows: Morning drives (6-10 A.M.), Daytime (10 A.M. to 3 P.M.), Afternoon drive (3 P.M. to 7 P.M.), Night time (7 P.M. to 12 A.M.) and Overnight time (12 A.M. to 6 A.M.). 8. Three basic steps which are involved in buying direct mail are choosing the right list; make the right offer and distribution. At first target list should be identified and then define the order after selecting the proper format and at last but not the least track the result of the buying procedure through the direct mail. Ad size will be 4 columns wide and 6 column inches deep. Ads will be black and white and frequency 2 ads per week [Tuesday and Friday]. Continuity will be 6 weeks. After considering all these criteria the cost will be: $ 6.267 * 2 * 8 = $ 100.27 (Times

Terrorism Since Early 90’s Essay Example for Free

Terrorism Since Early 90’s Essay United States of America has constantly remained as one f the greatest nations in the whole world. As if it is the Promised Land, USA was gifted with resources and maintained its high economic status. This country has all access to basic education, enough food, health and welfare, while the remaining majority is desperately trying to reach those resources. Through the years, people would do anything in an attempt to stay and make a living in the perceived promise land. So the majority is divided into two categories: Some of them start to think of flying to developed countries, where they can meet their basic needs; others begin to believe that the reason of all their problems is rich peoples wealth, healthy ones health and educated ones awareness; so they try to destroy all those people and all those resources. Unfortunately, the well off living of the citizens of the United States have encouraged millions of illegal immigrants, overstaying and undocumented that such situation encouraged and became an ideal ground for terrorism. Robert W. McChesney, S. J. , (2001) the director of the Jesuit Refugee Service Immigration Detention Program in Los Angeles has sited several terrorist attacks since the early 1990’s. On Jan. 25, 1993, a lone gunman ambushed motorists waiting at a red light outside the main entrance to the Central Intelligence Agency headquarters in Langley, Va. Two C. I. A. employees were killed, and three other people were wounded as they sat innocently in their cars. The following month a 28-year-old Pakistani immigrant by the name of Mir Aimal Kansi was charged with capital murder, subsequently found guilty and sentenced to death. As it turned out, he had come to the United States in March of 1991 on a business visa and eventually was issued a work permit. He perpetrated the terrible crime while awaiting disposition of his application for political asylum. One month after the C. I. A. murders, an explosion rocked the World Trade Center in New York City, killing six people, wounding more than a thousand and sowing widespread fear. The following year, four Muslim fundamentalists were convicted of the crime. Each was sentenced to 240 years in prison. One had applied for political asylum, while another perpetrator had overstayed a student visa. Still later in 1993, an old cargo steamer ran aground on a sandbar in the surf off New York City. The Golden Venture dumped her human cargo of 286 undocumented Chinese into the water. They swam the last few hundred yards to shore, then were arrested and detained. The Golden Venture quickly became the national news obsession of the day. Every television station in the country played and replayed scenes of what some tabloids described as a â€Å"sea invasion of illegals. † An already nervous public mainstream was now confronted with stark images of drenched Chinese nationals huddling under blankets on a windy New York beach, staring in confusion at the television cameras. After three major incidents within six months, unscrupulous elements of the press found increasing profit in sensationalizing a story of immigrant hordes and terrorists breaching permeable borders to attack the fabric of American society. The immigration and criminal terrorist story lines blurred and became conflated. Popular discourse was virulent and fearful, and politicians took notice. The solution seemed all too obvious: close the borders to â€Å"illegal† and imprison or deport those already here. Perhaps the most infamous event of this period occurred on April 19, 1995, when a Ryder truck parked outside the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City exploded. The potent mix of fertilizer and fuel oil blew half the nine-story building into oblivion, killing 168 innocent people, including 19 children, and injuring another 500. According to initial press reports, â€Å"Middle-Easterners† were reportedly seen in the vicinity of the crime and were initially regarded as possible suspects. Two days after the blast, however, a Caucasian U. S. military veteran, Timothy McVeigh, was picked up and subsequently convicted of the heinous capital crime. Legislative reaction to the sluggish economy and high-profile crimes and incidents had begun at the state level. In November of 1994 California passed Proposition 187, which placed onerous restrictions on legal and illegal immigrants. The courts subsequently overturned the initiative, but its popular political resonance remained potent.

Past Contrasted with Present in Faulkners A Rose for Emily :: A Rose for Emily, William Faulkner

Past Contrasted with Present in Faulkner's A Rose for Emily  Ã‚   In "A Rose for Emily", Faulkner contrasted the past with the present era. The past was represented in Emily herself, in Colonel Sartoris, in the old Negro servant, and in the Board of Alderman who accepted the Colonel's attitude toward Emily and rescinded her taxes. The present was expressed chiefly through the words of the unnamed narrator. The new Board of Aldermen, Homer Barron (the representative of Yankee attitudes toward the Griersons and thus toward the entire South), and in what is called "the next generation with its more modern ideas" all represented the present time period (Norton Anthology, 2044). Miss Emily was referred to as a "fallen monument" in the story (Norton Anthology, 2044). She was a "monument" of Southern gentility, an ideal of past values but fallen because she had shown herself susceptible to death (and decay). The description of her house "lifting its stubborn and coquettish decay above the cotton wagons and the gasoline pumps--an eyesore among eyesores" represented a juxtaposition of the past and present and was an emblematic presentation of Emily herself (Norton Anthology, 2044). The house smells of dust and disuse and has a closed, dank smell. A description of Emily in the following paragraph discloses her similarity to the house. "She looked bloated like a body long submerged in motionless water, and of that palled hue" (Norton Anthology, 2045). But she had not always had that appearance. In the picture of a young Emily with her father, she was frail and apparently hungering to participate in the life of the era. After her father's death, she looked like a girl "with a vague resemblance to those angels in colored church windows--sort of tragic and serene" (Norton Anthology, 2046). This suggests that she had already begun her entrance into the nether-world. By the time the representatives of the new, progressive Board of Aldermen waited on her concerning her delinquent taxes, she had already completely retreated to her world of the past. She declared that she had no taxes in Jefferson, basing her belief on a verbal agreement made with Colonel Sartoris, who had been dead for ten years. Just as Emily refused to acknowledge the death of her father, she now refused to recognize the death of Colonel Sartoris. He had given his word and according to the traditional view, his word knew no death.

Basic of Stock Market

Wouldn't you love to be a business owner without ever having to show up at work? Imagine if you could sit back, watch your company grow, and collect the dividend checks as the money rolls in! As you've probably guessed, we're talking about owning stocks. This fabulous category of financial instruments is, without a doubt, one of the greatest tools ever invented for building wealth.Stocks are a part, if not the cornerstone, of nearly any investment portfolio. When you start on your road to financial freedom, you need to have a solid understanding of stocks and how they trade on the stock market.Over the last few decades, the average person's interest in the stock market has grown exponentially. What was once a toy of the rich has now turned into the vehicle of choice for growing wealth. This demand coupled with advances in trading technology has opened up the markets so that nowadays nearly anybody can own stocks. This paper is intended to explain all the basic questions about the inv esting. This will help new investors to lighten up their confusions and equip them the basic idea of Stock Market. Basic of Stock Market What Are Stocks?Stock is a share in the ownership of a company. Stock represents a claim on the company's assets and earnings. As you acquire more stock, your ownership stake in the company becomes greater. Shares, equity, or stock, it all means the same thing. Being an Owner Holding a company's stock means that you are one of the many owners (shareholders) of a company and, as such, you have a claim (albeit usually very small) to everything the company owns. This means that technically you own a tiny sliver of every piece of furniture, every trademark, and every contract of the company.As an owner, you are entitled to your share of the company's earnings as well as any voting rights attached to the stock. A stock is represented by a stock certificate. This is a fancy piece of paper that is proof of your ownership. In today's computer age, sharehol ders won't actually get to see this document because the brokerage keeps these records electronically, which is also known as holding shares. In the past, when a person wanted to sell his or her shares, that person physically took the certificates down to the brokerage. Now, trading can be done with a click of the mouse or a phone call.Debt vs. Equity Why does a company issue stock? Why would the founders share the profits with thousands of people when they could keep profits to themselves? The reason is that at some point every company needs to raise money. To do this, companies can either borrow it from somebody or raise it by selling part of the company, which is known as issuing stock. A company can borrow by taking a loan from a bank or by issuing bonds. Both methods fit under the umbrella of debt financing. On the other hand, issuing stock is called equity financing.Issuing stock is advantageous for the company because it does not require the company to pay back the money or m ake interest payments along the way. All that the shareholders get in return for their money is the hope that the shares will someday be worth more than what they paid for them. The first sale of a stock, which is issued by the private company itself, is called the initial public offering (IPO) (Mladjenovic, 2002). When buying a debt investment such as a bond, shareholders are guaranteed the return of their money (the principal) along with promised interest payments.But in equity investment, being one of the owners of the company, shareholders assume the risk of the company not being successful – just as a small business owner isn't guaranteed a return, neither is a shareholder. Shareholders earn a lot if a company is successful, but they also stand to lose their entire investment if the company isn't successful. Risk It must be emphasized that there are no guarantees when it comes to individual stocks. Some companies pay out dividends, but many others do not.And there is no obligation to pay out dividends even for those firms that have traditionally given them. Without dividends, an investor can make money on a stock only through its appreciation in the open market. On the downside, any stock may go bankrupt, in which case shareholders investment is worth nothing. Although risk might sound all negatives, there is also a bright side. Taking on the greater risk also demands a greater return on investment. This is the reason why stocks have historically outperformed other investments such as bonds or savings accounts.Over the long term, an investment in stocks has historically had an average return of around 10-12%. Different Types of Stocks There are two main types of stocks: common stock and preferred stock. Common Stock A common stock is the basic stock a corporation issues. It just shows that shareholder own a fraction of the company. The common stocks are directly influenced by failures and successes of the company. Common stocks are more of a gamble . Since there is a higher chance of making profit, common stock owners are issued their dividends or profits after the preferred stock.Over the long term, common stock, by means of capital growth, yields higher returns than almost every other investment. If a company goes bankrupt and liquidates, the common shareholders will not receive money until the creditors, bondholders and preferred shareholders are paid. Preferred Stock Preferred stock represents some degree of ownership in a company but usually doesn't come with the same voting rights (Wikipedia, 2006). After all the common stock has been issued, companies begin to distribute preferred stock. The preferred stock owners are given their dividends before the common stock owners are.Also, if the company goes out of business, and liquidates, the preferred stock owners are paid back the money they invested before the common stockholders are reimbursed. The main drawback of preferred stocks is that they cannot benefit as much from company profits because they are only paid a fixed dividend payment. How Stocks Trade Most stocks traded on exchanges, which are places where buyers and sellers meet and decide on a price. Some exchanges are physical locations where transactions are carried out on a trading floor.The other type of exchange is virtual, composed of a network of computers where trades are made electronically – Internet trading. The purpose of a stock market is to facilitate the exchange of securities between buyers and sellers, reducing the risks of investing. The New York Stock Exchange The most prestigious exchange in the world is the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) (Encarta, 2006). The â€Å"Big Board† was founded over 200 years ago in 1792, with the signed of the Buttonwood Agreement by 24 New York City stockbrokers and merchants.Orders come in through brokerage firms that are members of the exchange and flow down to floor brokers who go to a specific spot on the floor where the stock trades. At this location, known as the trading post, there is a specific person known as the specialist whose job is to match buyers and sellers. Prices are determined using an auction method: the current price is the highest amount any buyer is willing to pay and the lowest price at which someone is willing to sell. Once a trade has been made, the details are sent back to the brokerage firm, who then notifies the investor who placed the order.Although there is human contact in this process, computers play a huge role in the process too. The Nasdaq The second type of exchange is the virtual sort called an over-the-counter (OTC) market, of which the Nasdaq is the most popular. These markets have no central location or floor brokers. Trading is done through a computer and telecommunications network of dealers. A market maker provides continuous bid and ask prices within a prescribed percentage spread for shares for which they are designated to make a market.They may match up buyers an d sellers directly but usually they will maintain an inventory of shares to meet demands of investors. Other Exchanges The third largest exchange in the U. S. is the American Stock Exchange (AMEX). The AMEX used to be an alternative to the NYSE, but Nasdaq had filled that role since. In fact, the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD), which is the parent of Nasdaq, bought the AMEX in 1998. Almost all trading now on the AMEX is in small-cap stocks and derivatives. Buying StocksYou've now learned what a stock is and a little bit about the principles behind the stock market, but how do investors actually go about buying stocks? Investors don't have to go down into the trading pit yelling and screaming your order. There are two main ways to purchase stock: Using a Brokerage The most common method to buy stocks is to use a brokerage. Brokerages come in two different kinds. Full-service brokerages offer to investors (supposedly) expert advice and can manage the investorâ€℠¢s account; they also charge a lot.While discount brokerages offer little in the way of personal attention but are much cheaper. At one time, only the wealthy could afford a broker since only the expensive, full-service brokers were available. But when Internet came, the online discount brokers have been available, more affordable. DRIPs & DIPs Dividend reinvestment plans (DRIPs) and direct investment plans (DIPs) are plans by which individual companies, for a minimal cost, allow shareholders to purchase stock directly from the company. Drips are a great way to invest small amounts of money at regular intervals. Bull and Bear MarketsIn addition to the three market theories mentioned above, there are other ways of thinking about the market as a whole, that are less theoretical and more grounded in what is actually happening to them. One way is to describe the overall trends in the market, such as by defining them as bearish or bullish. The Bulls A bull market, loosely defined, is a m arket in which the major stock indexes have risen by over 20% over a substantial period of time, usually measured in months or years. Bull markets can happen as a result of an economic recovery, an economic boom, or simple investor psychology (Khan, 1998).The longest and most famous of all bull markets is the one that began in the early 1990s in which the U. S. equity markets grew at their fastest pace ever. The Bears Bear markets are the exact opposite of bull markets: they are markets in which the major indexes have declined by 20% or more over a period of at least two months (a decline that large for any shorter time period is simply called a â€Å"correction†, especially if it followed a substantial rise). Bear markets usually occur when the economy is in a recession and unemployment is high, or when inflation is rising quickly.The most famous bear market in U. S. history was, the Great Depression of the 1930s. Price Chart/ Stock Table A price chart graphically illustrate s a stock's price action over a selected period — one year, for instance. Some investors, called technical analysts or chartists, feel it's a waste of time examining financial statements, dissecting analysts' forecasts or pondering a firm's prospects vis-a-vis the competition. Instead, they believe that a price chart tells them everything they need to know about a stock. Chartists say stock prices move in trends.That is, a stock that has already been moving up in price (up trend) will continue its winning ways, while one going the other way (downtrend) will continue to disappoint its shareholders. The analysis is easy. If the stock is in an up trend, the price will be higher on the right side than in middle or left side of the chart. Conversely, the right side will be lower than the middle or the left side if it's in a downtrend. Conclusion In conclusion, people around us might say that Stock Market is a gamble and investors might lose their money anytime.It will only happen if the investor will not do his responsibility as investors. Investing is not easy, investor need to do his assignment in order to gain. There have been untold ways about how to make the stock market easier and safer for the new investors. Few, if any, are likely to prove useful or effective. But in order to minimize the risks of financial market imbalances, it is important that there be a well thought-out laws for investing, rules and regulations that implement properly, smoothly, and honestly. This task requires the participation of all concerned investors.Bibliography Khan, A. (1998). Stock Investing for Everyone: Tools for Investing Like the Pros (p. 136). San Jose, CA: Bookworld Services Microsoft ® Encarta ® Online Encyclopedia (2006). Stock Exchange. Retrieved last December 03, 2006, from http://encarta. msn. com/encyclopedia_761560145/Stock_Exchange. html#s1 Mladjenovic, P. (2002). Stock Investing for Dummies (p. 9). Indianapolis, Indiana: Wiley Publishing, Inc. Wikipedi a, the free encyclopedia (2006). Preferred stock. Retrieved last December 03, 2006, from http://en

Literary Analysis Of Black Like Me Essay

Although many people in the 1950s believed that African Americans were inferior to Caucasians, nevertheless their theory was wrong because any flaws African Americans had at the time were due to the way they were treated, not their race. John Howard Griffin discovers this by changing his skin color and living like an African American. John Howard Griffin was an expert on race issues when he darkened his skin and went down south to experience what life was like for an African American. Despite his enlightened view of civil rights, he was fully unaware of what it would be like to become African American. Even though he, like most northerners, was aware of the poor treatment of the African American people in the south, he was unaware of how demeaning it was to be African American and how impossible it had become for African Americans to become successful members of society. When Griffin’s skin was darkened he was treated differently than when his skin was white. He was treated horrifically for no other reason than the color of his skin. He was condescended upon by Caucasians and spoken to vulgarly. On one occasion, he was chased down the street by a Caucasian youth while offensive obscenities were hurled at him. However, the discrimination he endured was not always this obvious. Sometimes it was very subtle. Even before his color change Griffin knew that African Americans were given low paying jobs and were not allowed to work at certain businesses or use some services. He did not know, however, how this treatment made African American life miserable. On page 52, the cumulative effect of the discrimination is explained. â€Å"You take a young white boy. He can go through school and college with a real incentive. He knows he can make good money in any profession when he gets out. But can a Negro- in the South? No, I’ve seen many make brilliant grades in college. And yet when they come home in the summers to earn a little money, they have to do the most menial work. And even when they graduate, it’s a long hard pull. Most take postal jobs, or preaching or teaching jobs. This is the cream. What about the others, Mr. Griffin? A man knows no matter how hard he works, he’s never going to quite manage†¦ taxes and prices eat  up more than he can earn. He can’t see how he’ll ever have a wife and children. The economic structure just doesn’t permit it unless he’s prepared to live down in poverty and have his wife work too.† This lifestyle was forced upon African Americans because of false stereotypes about their race. â€Å"They saw us as â€Å"different’ from themselves in fundamental ways: we were irresponsible; we were different in our sexual morals; we were intellectually limited; we had a God-given sense of rhythm; we were lazy and happy-go-lucky; we loved watermelon and fried chicken.†(162) Sadly, the belief in the secondary status of an African American was widespread. Even intellectuals were misled by scientific studies published in scholarly journals and newspapers. The studies showed that African American people had more illegitimate children, earlier loss of virginity and a higher crime rate than compared to Caucasian people. Because of this, African Americans were discriminated against. This discrimination led African Americans into an ominous standard of living. Griffin, however, explains that the characteristics given to African Americans were not ingrown qualities shared among their race, but rather products of the poor conditions they were forced to live in. Griffin says there is no â€Å"basic difference between black and white†(89) and attributes these characteristics as â€Å"the effects of environment on human nature.† (89) â€Å"You place the white man in the ghetto, deprive him of the educational advantages, arrange it so he has to struggle hard to fulfill his instinct for self-respect, give him little physical privacy and less leisure, and he would after a time assume the characteristics you attach to the Negro. These characteristics don’t spring from whiteness or blackness, but from a man’s conditioning†¦when you force humans into a subhuman mode of existence, this always happens. Deprive a man of any contact with the pleasures of the spirit and he’ll fall completely into those of the flesh.† (90) African Americans were treated poorly because of negative stereotypes associated with their race. However, any truth in these stereotypes was due to their poor treatment, not the color of their skin. If they were treated poorly, they would gain these attributes. They were treated poorly because of these characteristics, the very characteristics that were caused by their poor treatment. This viscous cycle continued until the civil rights movement of the 1960s. In John Howard Griffin’s book Black Like Me, Griffin accurately describes the difference between the way Caucasians were treated and the way African Americans were treated in America’s south during the 1950s. His ability to describe the contrast so accurately stems from the fact that he experienced what it was like to be seen as â€Å"black† and what it was like to be seen as â€Å"white†. Although many southerners at the time believed that Caucasians were superior to African Americans, nevertheless Griffin proves that African Americans are not inferior and that any negative characteristics that exist in stereotypical African Americans are caused by oppression by their Caucasian counterparts.

A Case Study On Nestle Lanka Plc Information Technology Essay Essays

A Case Study On Nestle Lanka Plc Information Technology Essay Essays A Case Study On Nestle Lanka Plc Information Technology Essay Essay A Case Study On Nestle Lanka Plc Information Technology Essay Essay The chief intent of this study is to carry on a survey of cloud computer science, its different constructs, the benefits and costs associated with it and how it can suit in to or better Nestle Lanka s bing IT substructure. The range of this study includes an debut to the company and the industry, its mission, corporate construction, concern procedure, concern scheme and relationships with external parties. This is followed by an analysis of the organisation s IT substructure and the issues and challenges confronting the direction of IT. Then cloud computer science is explained, and the benefits and costs related to it are discussed. After which, the solutions that can be recommended to be adopted are discussed. Relevant decisions are so made based on these findings. The methods used in garnering information for this study include both primary ( interviews ) and secondary research ( on-line diaries, newspapers, magazines and publications ) . From the analysis it was revealed that Nestle Lanka has already adopted a portion of cloud calculating through the storage of its SAP related informations at the Globe Data Center in Sydney. However, it besides showed that certain non-core applications are carried outside of SAP which requires the informations to be stored locally and brings with it other costs as good. Another interesting determination was the fact that Nestle Lanka did non possess any internet related substructure as they do non hold a local web site. The recommendations that were made based on these findings were to follow Software as a Service theoretical account to happen out similar applications for the procedures which were done out of SAP. If this was non possible, the recommendation was to follow the Platform as a Service theoretical account which would ensue in Nestle developing the application online and it being hosted by the seller. The concluding behind this was to take down that substructure costs on waiters and care. In add-on, a recommendation was made to utilize the Platform as a Service theoretical account to make a local web site for the company as it will necessitate no capital investings. Further, this will enable the company to acquire closer to the consumer and supply greater satisfaction and carry out promotional activities without any cost. Nestle came to Sri Lanka over 100 old ages ago with the debut of milk and infant nutrients to the local market. Over the old ages, the globally celebrated multinational has extended its committedness to Sri Lanka at every chance, emphasizing the Nestle corporate proposition Good Food, Good Life. A Nestle Lanka s corporate caput office is situated in Colombo, whilst fabrication takes topographic point at a state-of-the-art installation in Kurunegala. The Company employs over 1000 people straight and estimates its indirect employment coevals to be in the part of 40,000. A About 90 per cent of the Nestle merchandises retailed in Sri Lanka are processed locally. Through the quality merchandise scope of trade names such as MILO, NESTOMALT, MAGGI, CERELAC, NAN, LACTOGEN and NESCAFE, the Company has built trust and emotional bonds with consumers of all ages and from all walks of life. Many of the Nestle trade names have become household names and for the most portion are the market leaders. Furthermore, Nestle Lanka endeavours to play a function in advancing healthy life styles by integrating a nutrition and wellness dimension into the bulk of merchandises. Carry throughing its societal and environmental duties to the state, Nestle Lanka is an built-in portion of the national community. The virtuousnesss of attention and fostering inherited from the parent company remain at the bosom of the manner it does concern. Of peculiar pride is the Company s part to the sustainability of the dairy industry and the rural economic system since its early old ages. Today, as the largest private sector purchaser of fresh milk and coconuts, Nestle Lanka spends about LKR 1.5 billion each twelvemonth, impacting the lives ofA farmer households island-wide. A Nestle Lanka went public in 1983 with around 9 % of the shareholding now held locally. Currently market capitalization is about LKR 37 billion ( Colombo Stock Exchange, May 2011 ) . Over the past few old ages the portion has been amongst the market s top performing artists with an exceeding dividend screen. Committed to outdo patterns, Nestle Lanka strives to keep the highest criterions of ethical and societal behavior throughout the administration and to make long-run sustainable value for all stakeholders. 1.2 Industry Background Nestle operates in the Food and Beverage industry which is turning at around 12 % yearly. It competes with both local and other transnational companies in the market. With the authorities aiming a GNP per capita of $ 4000 by 2014, demand will lift and competition for market portion will be more intense. ( Leading Edge, May 2011 ) 1.3 Mission The Annual Report for 2010 provinces that Our mission of Good Food, Good Life is to heighten the lives of Sri Lankan consumers with great tasting and alimentary merchandises at low-cost monetary values. 1.4 Corporate Structure Pull offing Director VP-Commercial VP-Supply Chain VP-Technical Company Secretary/Legal Officer VP- Finance VP Human Resources Head of Nestle Nutrition Head of Nestle Professional AVP National Gross saless AVP Food ( Marketing ) AVP Beverages ( Marketing ) AVP Dairy ( Marketing ) Production Manager 1 Production Manager 2 New Product Development Manager Recruitment Manager Training Director Payroll ManagerThe above diagram depicts the organisation hierarchy. 1.5 Business Procedure The chief maps in the organisation are Marketing, Supply Chain, Production and Gross saless. They are supported by the Finance, Human Resources, Information Systems and Legal maps. The selling section works closely with supply concatenation ( be aftering ) to place the right demand which is so planned to be produced and the natural stuffs and packing stuffs purchased based on the demands. As per the agreed programs, production produces the needed stocks to run into the demand forecasted and that is distributed by the client service and distribution map. The gross revenues map ensures that the merchandises are received where required and provides the needed trade publicities to guarantee that the merchandise is selling. Marketing conducts its ain trade name publicities to make consciousness of the merchandises and guarantee the attempt made by the gross revenues squad is supported. Further, the New Product Development map performs a vital of presenting new merchandises or developing bing merchandises in coordination with Marketing and Supply Chain. 1.6 Business Strategy Nestle Lankais dedicated to vouch consumer satisfaction by marketing the highest quality nutrient merchandises that meet the diverse and altering demand of consumers, using Nestle s acknowledged worldwide engineering A ; experience. To our stockholders, we guarantee a just return on their investing. 1.7 Relationship with external parties Nestle has strong relationships with external parties such as the Sri Lanka Customs, Inland Revenue, Port Authority, freight send oning companies, logistic companies, national governments ( for publishing licences for imported merchandises ) and other service suppliers such as for telecommunication. The corporate ( group ) web site is www.nestle.com. 2.0 IT substructure: issues and challenges 2.1 Organization s IT substructure Figure 5-10 The IT Infrastructure Ecosystem ( Laudon and Laudon, 2010 ) is used to discourse the substructure as follows. Computer Hardware Platforms all machines provided by Hewlett Packard ( HP ) . Operating System Platforms all machines use Microsoft Windows platform. Enterprise System Applications Sap for all nucleus activities in Marketing, Supply Chain, Finance, Gross saless and Production and non-core activities are mentioned below ( subdivision 2.2 ) in item. Networking/ Telecommunications networking hardware provided by IBM and Cisco, internet entree is provided through British Telecom ( BT ) and telephone services are provided by four local operators ( Dialog Axiata, Mobitel, Suntel and LankaBell ) . Advisers and System Integrators this is carried out in-house from our informations centre located in Sydney, Australia. Data Management and Storage all SAP related informations are stored in IBM waiters at our informations centre in Sydney ; whilst the non-SAP system informations are stored locally in SQL severs. Internet Platforms there exists no cyberspace related substructure at Nestle Lanka as there is no localised web site. 2.2 Issues and Challenges faced in the direction of IT substructure With mention to the interview with the IT director ( mention appendix 7.1 ) the following provides a treatment of the issues and challenges confronting the direction of IT substructure. Due to Nestle being a big multinational, standardisation of IT substructure is a demand across all markets ( states ) . It is no different in Sri Lanka, where the substructure is much advanced than you would happen in any other local company. This policy brings about many advantages and restrictions. First, since all markets have to hold the same substructure irrespective of its size, it will be more modern and up-to-date with the latest engineering in topographic point. This will intend enhance security steps for the company, which is critical to stay competitory in this fast-paced nutrient and drink industry. However, the advanced substructure does non come cheap as contracts are negotiated globally in dollar footings but when converted to rupees it is much higher whereas the substructure available in the market is although non of the same criterion, will run into our local demands and be less expensive. Hence, managing costs increases in line with this standardisation policy is a challenge for the company. Training or user instruction is another job the IT map faces when keeping and upgrading this current substructure. Although, system and security updates take topographic point through the informations centre in Sydney, the users do nt follow with the alterations until the last minute or delay until a job arises to happen out about the alteration. Further, the company has adopted applications outside of SAP for certain maps. They are for paysheet, milk procurance, and garnering secondary gross revenues informations ( from distributer point to end-customer ) . The information from these systems are stored locally in Lankaand along with waiter cost the company incurs annually maintenance outgo and licensing fees. 3.0 Cloud Computer science: its concern benefits and costs 3.1 Benefits of cloud computer science As Mell and Grance ( 2011 ) defines, cloud computer science is a theoretical account for enabling omnipresent, convenient, on-demand web entree to a shared pool of configurable calculating resources ( e.g. , webs, waiters, storage, applications, and services ) that can be quickly provisioned and released with minimum direction attempt or service supplier interaction . There are three chief service theoretical accounts in relation to overcast calculating as mentioned by Mell and Grance ( 2011 ) . They are: Cloud Software as a Service ( SaaS ) Cloud Infrastructure as a Service ( IaaS ) Cloud Platform as a Service ( PaaS ) The first theoretical account is one that distributes applications hosted by a service supplier over a web such as the Internet. Cloud calculating based constructs such as SaaS take the demand for organisations to separately keep a big sum of local waiters, alternatively they would wholly be using a shared resource. Further, Hayes ( 2008 ) shows that SaaS allows users to entree the application regardless of clip and location, giving them greater flexibleness in transporting out their undertakings. Saaksjarvi et. Al. ( 2005 ) besides shows that another one of the cardinal benefits of SaaS is that version direction is more convenient to the client, since the seller would be implementing ascents on a regular footing. Other benefits cited by Saaksjarvi et. Al. ( 2005 ) includes the impression that it enables the client to acquire entree to so name best-of-breed applications that might otherwise hold been excessively dearly-won for them to buy. The following theoretical account ( IaaS ) is where a service supplier outsources the equipment used to back up operations, including storage, hardware, waiters and networking constituents. The service supplier owns the equipment and is responsible for lodging, running and keeping it. The client typically pays on a per-use footing ( SearchCloudComputing.com, May 2011 ) . The concluding service theoretical account is one where hardware, storage and web capacity can be rented over the Internet. The theoretical account permits the client to rent virtualized waiters and associated services for running bing applications or developing and proving new 1s ( SearchCloudComputing.com, May 2011 ) . 3.2 Hazards of cloud computer science Despite such an array of benefits, and as with any other such theoretical account, SaaS besides comes along with a scope of hazards to both the client and the seller. On the client s side, one of the primary concerns is on privateness and security. Hayes ( 2008 ) outlines how leting a 3rd party control over your files could potentially make a helter-skelter legal issue, particularly in respect to what rights the seller will hold to the information on an juncture where the organisation violates the contract. Hayes ( 2008 ) discusses a scenario in which a authorities bureau serves a subpoena or a hunt warrant to the seller. Had the organisation had control of its informations, it may hold contested the order in tribunal. But it is dubious whether the seller would travel to tribunal on the organisation s behalf, and alternatively they might merely manus over the informations over to the governments. As such, harmonizing to this scenario, a company could hold its informations released to other parties without even being informed of it. Whether or non such a scenario is likely to happen, its possibility should non be ignored and it would be advisable for IT directors to dig into such gray countries with the seller prior to making an understanding. Another key concern mentioned by Saaksjarvi et. Al. ( 2005 ) is that SaaS offers little in the manner of custom-making the package to accommodate the organisation s specific demands. Customization of the package to accommodate the intricate concern procedures of the organisation is indispensable if it hopes to accomplish a competitory advantage. However, Jacobs ( 2005 ) points out that supplying a relevant degree of customization, although hard, is surely non impossible and in add-on it would be advantageous to the seller to travel this excess stat mi since they can lock-in clients. Hoch et. Al. ( 2001 ) voices the inauspicious consequence from the restrictions in the organisation s internal webs. Bandwidth of the web will hold to be increased to suit the changeless connectivity demanded by the SaaS theoretical account. Any issue with the web can adversely impact the public presentation of the applications, and impede dependent organisational undertakings. Such a major concern should be meticulously examined and addressed by the organisation so that they can guarantee the handiness of needed substructure before following the SaaS theoretical account. Apart from the proficient troubles of SaaS, there could be inauspicious organisational effects every bit good in the signifier of employee opposition as they are really familiar with what they have now and to re-train them, will necessitate tactful alteration direction. 3.3 Costss involved in cloud computer science When implementing cloud calculating there will be limited capital outgo on IT substructure. Waiters required to hive away and run the applications will be provided by the seller. However, the client should hold the equal web and package ( such as web browsers ) capablenesss to run into the application s demand. The client can salvage on the bing waiter, care and licensing costs. The client will be charged on a subscription footing based on the figure hours/days/months used depending on the service degree understanding signed by both parties. 4.0 Recommendation Due to the being of our Globe Data Center located in Sydney, the option of following the Infrastructure as a Service ( IaaS ) theoretical account is non practical as we possess our ain private cloud. However, what can be recommended is to follow cloud calculating for the non-core applications that was identified in subdivision 2.1 of this study. The ground that we can non follow SaaS for the bing ERP systems which covers our nucleus processes is that Nestle requires that all parts have the same system, procedure and fundamentally speak the same linguistic communication. The non-SAP applications that have been developed as they can non be customized in SAP to run into local demands, for illustration the paysheet system has to take into history the alone local employment jurisprudence demands. The milk procurance system had to be designed in a manner to ease information garnering from all Nestle milk chilling centres across the island and as a consequence could non be done by SAP. Gathering secondary gross revenues informations besides involves holding SAP at all the distributer locations which would hold been excessively dearly-won. For the above mentioned applications it is possible to seek for on-line versions that support cloud calculating such as through SalesForce.com or NETSUITE. If no such applications exist so, we can look at developing a similar application utilizing the Platform as a Service ( PaaS ) theoretical account utilizing platforms such as Microsoft Azure and Google s App Engine. The obvious benefit here would be salvaging hardware costs every bit good as care costs in the long tally but Nestle will hold to pass on the development costs in the short-run. From the IT substructure theoretical account analyzed in subdivision 2.1 it is apparent that Nestle Lankadoes non possess any internet related substructure as there is no local web site. Having its ain web site, will let Nestle to acquire much closer to its clients and be in its ego a promotional medium. Conventionally holding an cyberspace related platform would intend cost incurred on waiters every bit good as package licensing fees. But, through the usage of PaaS service theoretical account, Nestle Lankacan construct its ain web site without incurring any capital outgo and meet is vision of vouching consumer satisfaction. For illustration, Kia Motors in North America launched its ain web site utilizing the Microsoft Azure platform ( Microsoft.com, May 2011 ) . 5.0 Decision The findings of this study reveal that there are non-core applications that are being used along with SAP. These applications cost the company in footings of waiter, care and licence fees. This can be reduced or avoided in the long-run if the company adopts cloud calculating in the signifier of either package as a service or platform as a service. Further, it was found that the company does nt hold any cyberspace related substructure as it does non hold a web site. A less dearly-won and capital intensive manner of making such a web site would be to follow the platform as a service theoretical account. The creative activity of a web site will enable the company to acquire closer to its consumers and better prosecute them. It could besides be a free beginning of publicity for the company s many trade names.

The Chemical Reaction That Causes Rust

The Chemical Reaction That Causes Rust Rust is the common name for iron oxide. The most familiar form of rust is the reddish coating that forms flakes on iron and steel (Fe2O3), but rust also comes in other colors, including yellow, brown, orange, and even green! The different colors reflect various chemical compositions of rust. Rust specifically refers to oxides on iron or iron alloys, such as steel. Oxidation of other metals has other names. There is tarnish on silver and verdigris on copper, for example. The Chemical Reaction That Forms Rust Although rust is considered the result of an oxidation reaction, its worth noting not all iron oxides are rust. Rust forms when oxygen reacts with iron  but simply putting iron and oxygen together isnt sufficient. Although about 20 percent  of air consists of oxygen, rusting doesnt occur in dry air. It occurs in moist air and in water. Rust requires three chemicals to form: iron, oxygen, and water. iron water oxygen  Ã¢â€ â€™Ã‚  hydrated iron(III) oxide This is an example of an electrochemical reaction and corrosion. Two distinct electrochemical reactions occur: There is anodic dissolution or oxidation of iron going into aqueous (water) solution: 2Fe  Ã¢â€ â€™Ã‚  2Fe2  Ã‚  Ã‚  4e- Cathodic reduction of oxygen that is dissolved into water also occurs: O2  Ã‚   2H2O 4e-  Ã¢â€ â€™Ã‚  4OH-  Ã‚   The iron ion and the hydroxide ion react to form iron hydroxide:   2Fe2   4OH-  Ã‚  Ã¢â€ â€™Ã‚  2Fe(OH)2 The iron oxide reacts with oxygen to yield red rust, Fe2O3.H2O Because of the electrochemical nature of the reaction, dissolved electrolytes in water aid the reaction. Rust occurs more quickly in saltwater than in pure water, for example. Keep in mind oxygen gas, O2, is not the only source of oxygen in air or water. Carbon dioxide, CO2, also contains oxygen. Carbon dioxide and water react to form weak carbonic acid. Carbonic acid is a better electrolyte than pure water. As the acid attacks the iron, water breaks into hydrogen and oxygen. Free oxygen and dissolved iron form iron oxide, releasing electrons, which can flow to another part of the metal. Once rusting starts, it continues to corrode the metal. Preventing Rust Rust is brittle, fragile,  progressive, and weakens iron and steel. To protect iron and its alloys from rust, the surface needs to be separated from air and water. Coatings can be applied to iron. Stainless steel contains chromium, which forms an oxide, much like how iron forms rust. The difference is the chromium oxide does not flake away, so it forms a protective layer on the steel.

Risk Isolation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Risk Isolation - Assignment Example According to the five-factor model for personality traits, an individual may either be an extrovert or introvert. Psychologists have identified introversion as a significant cause of social isolation. The affected person may find social interaction as daunting; hence prefer spending time alone. Such a characteristic poses a risk towards the ability to interact with people; hence isolating oneself from members of the society. On the other hand, an individual’s personality may be ‘ruined’ due to inferiority complex. Such an individual may find it necessary to withdraw oneself from the public. Inferiority complex entails shame and feelings of low self-worth. The cause-and-effect relationship resulting from social isolation is that it may lead to depression and mental illnesses in the long-run. Hawthorne, (2008) attributes social isolation to feeling of superiority. Individuals who consider themselves superior and more important than others end up losing their friends. Such individuals are self-centered and have little concern for others. At first, such people get along with other people, but eventually the friendship is lost due to their perception of being superior. Such individuals end up being alone and start wondering what the problem might be. At this stage, they are already victims of social isolation. Isolation in itself is not therapy. Hawthorne, (2008) explains that victims of social isolation require therapy because prolonged cases of social isolation result in emotional isolation. It is better to seek help from experts rather than trying to tackle life stressors that may result in psychological and mental strain. Hawthorne, G., PhD. (2008). Perceived social isolation in a community sample: Its prevalence and correlates with aspects of peoples lives.  Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology,  43(2), 140-50.