Interview-Family Influence Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Interview-Family Influence - Assignment Example The family had to move from place to place every two years and this demanded them to be resilient and easily adjust to their environment as well as the people around them. Growing up in a military family, John Doe was exposed to a lot of friends wherein most of them also belong to military families. He had White and Black American as well as Asian friends and others from cultural groups, too. â€Å"I was raised without prejudice to anyone† (Doe, 2013), the young man said quite contentedly and smiled. He added that his parents never discouraged him to play with other children from a different race. However, when he was bullied or if he met trouble-makers, his parents suggested for him to just stay away from them. Doe’s parents expressed these information verbally to him and his siblings early on perhaps because they know they were expected to meet different kinds of people. Moreover, as any parent does, the Doe couple also warned the children not to speak with strangers for their safety. Explaining was the basic manner the parents used to inform their children about the facts of life. Although the Doe children were taught not to have any prejudice to anyone, they were also taught to be careful with the people they do not know. As experts often say, children are more receptive in learning from what parents show more than what they say. In Doe’s case, his parents’ teachings were indeed fortified by what he saw them do. Whenever there were occasions to celebrate, the family often invited visitors from various ethnic groups. Sometimes, simple dinners with other families of different cultures were planned in order to accommodate new friends and know them better. The children were also encouraged to play together and this enhanced their socialization skills. The greatest effects of this in Doe’s life are perhaps his resiliency in adopting to new environment and people as well as good socialization skills. When sent to a public high s chool, Doe learned more about other races and he came to understand further what prejudice and racism are. However, due to his strong influence from his parents, he maintained his respect toward other races. He never covertly or overtly felt prejudice toward any race despite the new information he was assimilating because he never witnessed anyone from his family exemplify so. The family never discussed about racism, feminism or homosexuality because perhaps the parents wanted the children to have high tolerance toward other races and sexualities. Although communication seems to be open in the family when it comes to a lot of matters, there were also things that seemed uneasy for the family to discuss and this was evident in Doe’s saying, â€Å"†¦but my mom found some things very hard to discuss where my dad it was his way and that was that† (Doe, 2013). The man’s refusal to further comment on the issue was respected. Doe admits that his family primarily in fluenced how he perceives other people of different races or gender inclinations. He says he does not care much if a person is Black or Asian, gay or straight. However, he has this take on every child; that they all deserve to have parents of both sexes. He further says that children get the â€Å"bad rap due to the race they are† and in a similar manner, children who have unique parents, meaning two females or two males, receive the same treatment. Although Doe does not inflict such kind of bullying toward other people, he claims

Recruitment and Selection Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Recruitment and Selection - Research Paper Example In this reflective report, I will examine how the discernment of the theories for interviewing contributes to the success of an interview. This will also serve as a gauge of my understanding of the concepts studied. This exercise started with the modifying the original job description provided. The original job description was edited to give the recruiting company a more defined identity and to inject the personality of the management. This is an important step in "attracting" the right kind of people to answer the job posting. According to Ben Schneider's Attraction-Selection-Attrition Framework, the personality of the organization is the sum total of the personalities of its employees, thus "people are attracted to an organization on the basis of their interests and personality" as mentioned in the Recruitment and Selection Module of Hull University (5). After the modification of the job description, I created a person specification for what I think is the "ideal person" for the job. For the job person specification, I used Fraser's Five-Fold Grading System, referencing the Recruitment and Selection Module of Black's Academy (2). It is in creating the person specification that I understood th e significance of Schneider's theory of "like-attracts-like". The conceptualization of the interview plan and the formulation of the interview questions followed... For the interview questions, I used a combination of questions based on Behavior Description Interviewing, Situation Interviewing and interjected some technical questions as well (Interview Techniques, University of Alberta, 1-3). I chose to use a combination of these questions to check if the person meets the person specification that I created. Reflective Report Looking back on the interview exercise, I think that it went quite well. I remember being confident during the interview and I was also able to put the interviewee or applicant at ease. Personally, I think the preparation step is very important for two reasons; one is that it enabled the applicant to open up and, two, as the interviewer, I was also able to observe the body language of the applicant without the nervousness. This may have worked because of the amount of preparation that I spent creating and revising my interview plant based on the WASP framework from the Online Business Learning Archive. The predominantly open-ended questions that I used gave the applicant an opportunity to share his experiences in detail which in turn helped me see beyond the CV of the applicant. This exercise helped me see the applicant as a person and imagine how he would fit in my organization. During the interview, although I did plan and succeed in making the applicant at ease, I may have over-emphasized my welcome. As my assessor commented, my statement that "we need you, rather than you need us" may have placed my applicant to mindset of having already secured the job. I think this may also have "weakened" my role as the representative of the employer or company. In the interest of having all of my questions answered, I may have hurried the interview and potentially caused the

Contract Law Advice Style Answer

Contract Law Advice Style Answer Arron and Tracy have entered into three different types of contracts. Firstly, there is a contract for sale of goods between Tracy and HAL[1] for the purchase of the coffee machine. Secondly, there is a contract for service among Arron and Matthew for the decoration of the hallway. Then, there is a contract for sale of description between the Arron and the dog-seller for the purchase of dog. The contracts appeared to be consumer contracts, since they satisfied the requirements established under the Unfair Contract Terms Act[2]. Section 12[3] states that a person dealing under a consumer contract is when one party performed in the course of a business and not the other party. Moreover, the goods in consideration must be ‘of a type ordinarily supplied for private use’.[4] Section 2(1) of the Sale of Goods Act[5]states that for a consumer contract to exist there must be ‘a money consideration’. In application, it is clear that Arron and Tracy are consumers, whi ch are not acting in the course of the business, but we cannot say the same for the other parties. In the cases of Stevenson[6] and R B Customs[7], the term ‘in the course of a business’[8] is wisely explained, it is clear that the other parties who contracted with them are included. THE LUXURY COFFEE MACHINE* The purchase of the luxury coffee falls under the implied terms of s. 14 SGA[9], which says that the goods supplied must be of â€Å"satisfactory quality†. Under S.14 (2A)[10], the test is that of ‘a reasonable person’ would regard as satisfactory. Thus, when the coffee machine was bought no one will expect it to burn hands and to be unsafe (considering the criteria in s.14 (2B)[11] of the act. Here, it includes safety as per s.14 (2B) (d)[12]. Indeed, the General Product Safety Regulations 2005[13] has included electrical equipment as having a requirement to be safe, by being properly insulted. However, this is not the case when the coffee machine becomes too hot which is clearly unsafe. It is clear though that s.14[14] is in breached since the product supplied burnt hands by becoming too hot. Consequently, Tracy can return or ask for a refund of the price ( £150) and damages. Nevertheless, in order to entitle to this, it must be established that Tracy has not â€Å"accepted† the product. Otherwise, if it has taken place the remedy is damages only which will be under s.11 (4).[15] Furthermore, s.35 (4)[16] says that acceptance occurred when a buyer retain the goods for a certain period of time without intimating to the seller that she rejected it. The question of time had an extensive discussion about how long and what actually is a reasonable time. It was first established under the case of Bernstein[17], under which there was a maximum of 3 weeks. However, it was later replaced by Clegg[18] the actual law which provides a period of 7 months. In application, Tracy is visibly within the time limit, as she rejected the offer when she returns the coffee machine back to HAL. Furthermore, since Tracy paid the coffee machine with her credit card, she may have additional rights under the Consumer Credit Act 1974[19]. In fact, she enters into a consumer credit agreement which is defined under s.8 (1)[20] as an agreement between an individual and the creditor by which the creditor provides the debtor with credit of any amount. In application, this is the case when Tracy paid the product with her credit card define as ‘financial accommodation’ under s.9[21]. It was a regulated consumer credit agreement under s.8 (3)[22] as it was not an exempt agreement. It also constitutes a restricted use, according to the situation in the problem as per s.11 (b)[23] and a running account as per s.10 (1) (a)[24].Consequently, as the product is purchase with a credit card, there is a D-C-S agreement under s.12 (b)[25]; debtor: Tracy, creditor: Barclaycard and the supplier: HAL .In such a case, where there is a faulty product, which is the case Tracy has a ‘ like claim’ against the credit card company under s.75[26]. HAL and the credit card company are ‘jointly and severally liable’ for the aforementioned breach of S.14 SGA[27]. Therefore, Tracy has a claim against both HAL and Barclaycard. Indeed, if the claim against the shop is unsuccessful, then she is entitled to use s.75 as a shield. Furthermore, even if Vicky is not a party to the contract she might have a claim against HAL since the privity of contract was overcome by the narrow rule of Lord Atkin in the case of Donoghue v Stevenson.[28] Despite the fact, that she could claim under negligence it will be best to sue under Consumer Protection Act[29] since there is a strict liability. Vicky might claim a civil liability under Part I of CPA[30] which covered damage or personal injury caused by the faulty products, when her arm is burn. The coffee machine is defective as per s.3, since no one will generally expect the coffee machine to become too hot and unsafe. Therefore, she will be able to sue for damages. Moreover, there may be a potential criminal liability under Part II of CPA which covered damage caused by unsafe product. Certain goods need to satisfy the safety requirement under s.11 (1)[31]. Therefore, a failure to meet the safety regulations is a breach under s.12[32], but unless the product supply is unsafe which here is visibly the case. Additionally, HAL will try to rely on the exclusion clause. In order to be effective, the clause needs to satisfy certain legal rules. When Tracy went to return the coffee machine, she was pointed a notice which states â€Å"Sale items cannot be returned†. Applying the case of Olley[33], which established that for a notice to be incorporated it need to be before or at the time of the contract. Since, Tracy could not remember having seen the notice before; it is very likely that there clause was not incorporated. Even if the clause was valid, it will not make a difference because s6 (1) UCTA states that liability in consumer contract for breach of s.14[34] cannot be excluded. MATTHEW, THE DECORATOR* The contract between Arron and Matthew is governed by the Supply of Goods and Services 1982[35] since the substance of the contract is based on services. The SGSA[36] consist of two parts; Part 1 consists of the quality of goods supplied under the contract for the services and Part 2 is about the supply of services Under Part 1, there is an implied term that goods supplied on the part of the act to be of satisfactory quality and fit for purpose under s.4. This section mirror the provisions contain within s.14 (2A) and (2B) of SGA[37]. It should be noted that there is no provision equivalent to s11 (4) and s.35. Therefore, generally when Arron buys the wallpaper guaranteed to last 10 years he will expect the product to be of satisfactory quality and to durable as per the other relevant circumstances under s.4 (2A)[38] which mirror the provision of s.14 (2B) (e)[39]. But this was not the case when the wallpaper falls off the wall after six weeks. Unlike Part 1, which implied term concern the goods, Part 2 implies following terms concerning the supply of services. Contrarily, to Part 1 it is possible to exclude liability, under s.11 UCTA for breach under the service part of the contract. A contract for supply of services is defined under s12[40] as â€Å"a contract under which a person (the supplier) agrees to carry out a service.† Under Part 2 there is an implied term under s.13[41] that the services provided by the supplier will be carried out within a reasonable care and skill. It should be noted that s.13 implies generally accepted to be innominate term as in Hong Kong Fir[42] by depriving the innocent party of the whole benefit of the contract. This is clearly the case here when ‘the wallpaper fall off.’ Applying Nettleship v Weston[43], there is no defence even if the person claims to have to their incompetent best. Under, Bolam[44] if the skilled conforms within the standard required is of a reasonable competent member of the relevant trade, he will not be liable due to others different views. As established in Philips[45] , the services must be carried out with such a care as within the capacity of his degree of experience which he claimed to have .He must have a level of skill of such specialist which he holds to Arron as in Grieves.[46]Therefore, when Arron employed Matthew, he expected t he work to be done with a reasonable care and skill and not be fall off within six weeks. Clearly s.4[47] and s.13[48] are in breached. Consequently, Arron will be able to ask for damages since rejection will be impossible. The claim for recovery of damages is for the poor service or poor quality of materials used in the contract term, it includes actual damages for the failure of wallpaper which has not be achieved it result by holding on the wall and consequential damages for the money which Arron will have to expense to repair the breach. In order to entitle to this, Arron must have taken reasonable steps to mitigate his loss suffered, which require acceptance of offer from the defendant to rectify the matter, like under the case of Payzu.[49]It is clear that mitigation of loss had occurred when Arron suggested to Matthew that he should properly do the work again. Hence, Arron will be able to recover for the damages since he gives the opportunity to Matthew to redo the work properly. Additionally, Matthew tried to rely on the exclusion clause, when Arron tells him that he should properly ‘redo’ the work. An exclusion clause is used by a party in order to restrict or limit liability in an event of a breach of contract or any other specified circumstances. But, for it to be effective three legal conditions need to be consider; the common law, the UCTA and the Unfair Terms in Consumer Contract Regulations 1999[50]. Under the common law, the clause must be incorporated and constructed. According to the scenario, the clause was incorporated by an express agreement since there is not enough information to state that a contract was signed between the parties. Therefore, it is very likely that the clause was incorporated. As for the construction of the clause, it must be established that in interpretation of the contract the clause cover the breach which has occurred. In application, the clause is constructed in a plain language but it does not cover the breach. Hereafter, the clause might not be hold as constructive by court. In addition, the statutory controls need to be considered. The legislation for exclusion clauses is governed by the provision under UCTA and UTCCR. The UCTA was created in order to protect the weaker party, for example the consumer. Under s.11(1), the reasonableness test need to be consider, under which the term must be fair and reasonable by including all circumstances ‘[†¦]which were or ought reasonable to have be known[†¦]’[51]. In the problem question, it is clear that the terms are not fair and reasonable since Matthew restricted the term of the contract for his own benefit and not for Arron (the consumer). He excluded all extra cost and loss arising out of the decorating services. The UTCCR will not be applicable due to lack of information about the presence of a contractual term or a standard form. Even if the exclusion clause is valid s.7[52]states that liability for consumer contracts for breach of s4 and s13 cannot be excluded. However, this liability can be excluded if satisfies the requirement of the reasonableness which is visibly not the case here. Arron might have a criminal liability against the producer for the commercial practices of the wallpaper through television advertising. The liability will be under Schedule 1 of the Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008[53]which replaced some consumer protection legislation; like CPA Part 3 or even the TDA[54]. He can claim liability for misleading actions under Regulation 5. It occurs when a misleading information lead the average consumer to make a decisive reason to enter the contract. In application, it is clear that it is the 10 years old guarantee, which encourages Arron to buy this specific paper. This commercial practice clearly distinguished the product from the competitor (para.3 (a) of reg.5), was obviously a main characteristic of the product (para.4 (b) of reg.5) which makes him make a decisive decision in buying this product rather than the others. PUPPIES* The buying of pedigree dog is governed by the SGA. However, the effect of the statement must first be drawn, by stating whether it is a puff, a representation, a term or a sale by description. The difference between these statements will be established. A puff is a ‘mere boast or unsubstantiated claims’ which are used by advertisers for their products and services .An example is the case of Carlill[55]. Representations or contractual term are statements made in course of negotiation for a contract. While, a term of contract define as outcome to pre-contractual negotiation between parties can be distinct in two types; implied and express. It could also be a sale by description under s.13 which implied term is that the goods must ‘correspond’ to the words used for the description of the goods. In application, it is clear that is a sale by description where the adverts states that the dogs are ‘pedigree dogs’ with ‘friendly temperature’. S.13 is breached as the description is inaccurate and that the dogs are crossbreeds, aggressive and snappy. There is a strict liability under s.13 and the remedy, will allow Arron to reject the good and receive damages. Next, Arron has paid the pedigree dog with his credit card; he may have a claim under CCA. Under the CCA, a D-C-S agreement is established, under s12 (b) consisting of the debtor; Arron, the creditor; the credit card company (Barclaycard) and the supplier (the dog-seller). It may be that has a claim under s.75 where the creditor is jointly and severally liable with the supplier for the supplier misrepresentation and for breach of s.13 SGA. If, the claim is not successful under SGA against the supplier, Arron will be to use s.75 as a shield. Criminal liability is regulated by the regulation 5[56] for the false information which deceived the consumers. The false statement of the advert may lead to a criminal offence under reg.5 CPUTR which prohibits false information to be applied on goods. S.2 (2) (a), states that goods includes the descriptions and details of animals as per there ‘sex, breed or cross [†¦]’[57].Under s.3 (1)[58] explains the term of â€Å"false to a material degree†. In application, it is clear that the advert the newspaper is a material degree and that there is a breached of Reg 5. 2515 Word Count*(Excluding titles) Bibliography Primary Sources Cases: Bolam v Friern Hospital Management [1957] 1 WLR 582 Bernstein v Pamson Motors [1987] RTR 384 Carlill v The Carbolic Smoke Ball Co Ltd [1893] 1 QB 256 Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 Grieves Co Baynham [1975] 1 WLR 109 Hong Kong Fir Shipping Co Ltd v Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha Ltd [1962] EWCA Civ 7 Nettleship v Weston [1971] 2 QB 691 Olley v Marlborough Court Ltd [1949] 1 AII ER 127 Payzu Ltd. V Saunders [1919] 2 KB 581 Philips v William Whitely Ltd [1938] AII ER 566 RB Customs Brokers Ltd v United Dominions Trust Ltd [1988] 1 WLR 321 Stevenson v Rogers [1999] 1 All ER 613 Statutes and statutory instruments: Trade Description Act 1968 Consumer Credit Act 1974 Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 Sale of Goods Act 1979 Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982 Consumer Protection Act 1987 Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulation 1999 Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008 Secondary Sources Books: Nicholas Ryder, Margaret Griffiths, Lachmi Singh, Commercial Law (Principles and Policy), (First published 2012,Cambrige) Michael Furmston and Jason Chuah, Commercial Law,(2th edn, Pearson 2013) Chris Turner, UNLOCKING CONTRACT LAW,(First published 2004,Hodder Stoughton) Chapters in Books: Michael Furmston and Jason Chuah, Chapter 4 ‘Sale of Goods’: 4.8 Defective goods, Commercial Law,(2th edn, Pearson 2013) pg. 192-201 Chris Turner, Chapter 6 ‘The Obligations under a Contract : Term 6.1.2: Types of representation and their consequences, UNLOCKING CONTRACT LAW,(First published 2004,Hodder Stoughton) pg. 111-116 Websites and Blogs: Which? Consumer Right ‘Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982’ (2014) http://www.which.co.uk/consumer-rights/regulation/supply-of-goods-and-services-act-1982>accessed on 19 March 2014 Financial Ombudsman Service , oombudsman news  » issue 31  » credit cards equal liability under section 75 of the Consumer Credit Act 1974 (sep 2003) http://www.financial-ombudsman.org.uk/publications/ombudsman-news/31/creditcards-31.htm> accessed on 25 March 2014 FindLaw UK, ‘Your rights under section 75 of the Consumer Credit Act’ http://www.findlaw.co.uk/law/consumer/consumer_credit/500520.html> accessed on 02 April 2014 BBC one Watchdog, ‘Supply of Services’(2014) http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b006mg74/features/consumer-law-supply-of-services> accessed on 06 April 2014 Out-Law.com, ’Product liability under the Consumer Protection Act’ (last update 2011) http://www.out-law.com/en/topics/commercial/supply-of-goods-and-services/product-liability-under-the-consumer-protection-act/> accessed on 09 April 2014 [1] Home Appliances Ltd [2] Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977; UCTA [3] Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 [4] Section.12(1)(c) Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 [5] Sale of Goods Act 1979;SGA [6] Stevenson v Rogers [1999] 1 All ER 613 [7] RB Customs Brokers Ltd v United Dominions Trust Ltd [1988] 1 WLR 321 [8] Section 12 Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 [9] Section 14 Sale of Goods Act 1979 [10] Section 14 (2A) Sale of Goods Act 1979 [11] Section 14 (2 B) Sale of Goods Act 1979 [12] Section 14 (2B) (d) Sale of Goods [13] General Product Safety Regulations 2005;GPSR [14] Section 14 Sale of Goods Act 1979 [15] Section 11 (4) Sale of Goods Act 1979 [16] Section 35 (4) Sale of Goods Act 1979 [17] Bernstein v Pamson Motors [1987] RTR 384 [18] Clegg v Anderson [2003] EWCA Civ 1002 [19] Consumer Credit Act 1974;CCA [20] Section 8 (1) Consumer Credit Act 1974 [21] Section 9 Consumer Credit Act 1974 [22] Section 8 (3) Consumer Credit Act 1974 [23] Section 11 (b) Consumer Credit Act 1974 [24] Section 10 (1)(a) Consumer Credit Act 1974 [25] Section 12 (b) Consumer Credit Act 1974 [26] Section 75 Consumer Credit Act 1974 [27] Section 14 Sale of Goods Act 1979 [28] Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 [29] Consumer Protection Act 1987:CPA [30] Consumer Protection Act 1987 [31] Section 11 (1) Consumer Protection Act 1987 [32] Section 12 Consumer Protection Act 1987 [33] Olley v Marlborough Court Ltd (1949) 1 ALL ER 127 [34] Section 14 Sale of Goods Act 1979 [35] Supply of goods and Services Act 1982; SGSA [36] Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982 [37] Sale of Goods Act 1979 [38] Section 4 (2A) Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982 [39] Section 14(2B)(e) Sale of Goods Act 1979 [40] Section 12 Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982 [41] Section 13 Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982 [42] Hong Kong Fir Shipping Co Ltd v Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha Ltd [1962] EWCA Civ 7 [43] Nettleship v Weston [1962] 2 QB 691 [44] Bolam Fried Hospital Management [1957] 1 WLR 582 [45] Philips v William Whitely Ltd [1938] 1 ALL ER 566 [46] Grieves Co v Baynham [1975] QB 644 [47] Section 4 Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982 [48] Section 13 Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982 [49] Payzu Ltd v Saunders [1919] 2 KB 581 [50] Unfair Terms in Consumer Contract Regulations 1999; UTCCR [51] S.11(1) of Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 [52] Section 7 Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 [53] Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008; CPUTR [54] TDA:Trade Description Act 1968-largely repealed by CPUTR [55] Carlill v The Carbolic Smoke Ball Co Ltd [1893] 1 QB 256 [56] Regulation 5 of Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008 [57] Section 2(2)(a) of the Trade description Act 1968 [58] Section 3(1) of the Trade description Act 1968

Essay --

Parole and probation programs have been designed as alternatives to the confinement of a prison cell. The programs have been created for the portion of offenders who do not pose a threat to public safety. In the year 2008, the average daily cost for supervision of a probationer or parolee was about $4. The average daily cost to house an inmate was about $80. Obviously, if the individual was not a risk to the community they should be placed in these programs rather than be put in prison and suck taxpayers dry. If an offender is placed on parole or probation there are two ways they can end up in prison; committing a new crime or breaching conditions of their probation. Facts prove that life in prison without parole is swift, strict, and specific punishment. Those condemned to life have been sentenced to expire in prison. Between three different states figures varied from $18,000 to $26,000. The death penalty and life in prison are way more expensive than placing offenders who are not h azards to society in programs like parole and probation. Parole and Probation vs. Incarceration Costs Programs such as parole and probation have been introduced as alternatives to incarceration. These programs are designed for offenders who are not considered a hazard to society. Parole is typically granted towards the end of a sentence and probation commonly in place of one, but because the organization is overloaded, financially unstable, and carelessly managed, it often operates as well as a feeder organization, guaranteeing prison cells will not be unoccupied for long. Actually, according to a report compiled by the Pew Center for the States parole violators accounted for over a third of all prison admissions in 2005 and "half the US jai... ..., California accumulated $2,636 per individual. The expense of probation and parole are significantly smaller than the expenses of incarceration (Carlie, 2002). The reality is that there are some offenders who are better off being placed back into the community on probation and parole and helps save taxpayers hard earned money. The death penalty is way more expensive, time consuming with little success, and puts innocent people at stake. Life without parole gives fast, harsh, and specific punishment. It supplies lawfulness to survivors of murder victims. Sentencing dangerous offenders to life without parole is the most reasonable alternative for general security and any victim’s families. For offenders who do not pose a threat to the general public should be placed on probation or parole to help save money that can be used for more useful things within the state. Essay -- Parole and probation programs have been designed as alternatives to the confinement of a prison cell. The programs have been created for the portion of offenders who do not pose a threat to public safety. In the year 2008, the average daily cost for supervision of a probationer or parolee was about $4. The average daily cost to house an inmate was about $80. Obviously, if the individual was not a risk to the community they should be placed in these programs rather than be put in prison and suck taxpayers dry. If an offender is placed on parole or probation there are two ways they can end up in prison; committing a new crime or breaching conditions of their probation. Facts prove that life in prison without parole is swift, strict, and specific punishment. Those condemned to life have been sentenced to expire in prison. Between three different states figures varied from $18,000 to $26,000. The death penalty and life in prison are way more expensive than placing offenders who are not h azards to society in programs like parole and probation. Parole and Probation vs. Incarceration Costs Programs such as parole and probation have been introduced as alternatives to incarceration. These programs are designed for offenders who are not considered a hazard to society. Parole is typically granted towards the end of a sentence and probation commonly in place of one, but because the organization is overloaded, financially unstable, and carelessly managed, it often operates as well as a feeder organization, guaranteeing prison cells will not be unoccupied for long. Actually, according to a report compiled by the Pew Center for the States parole violators accounted for over a third of all prison admissions in 2005 and "half the US jai... ..., California accumulated $2,636 per individual. The expense of probation and parole are significantly smaller than the expenses of incarceration (Carlie, 2002). The reality is that there are some offenders who are better off being placed back into the community on probation and parole and helps save taxpayers hard earned money. The death penalty is way more expensive, time consuming with little success, and puts innocent people at stake. Life without parole gives fast, harsh, and specific punishment. It supplies lawfulness to survivors of murder victims. Sentencing dangerous offenders to life without parole is the most reasonable alternative for general security and any victim’s families. For offenders who do not pose a threat to the general public should be placed on probation or parole to help save money that can be used for more useful things within the state.

Job rotation in the Philippines Essay

The research investigates the employment transition of new graduates from HEI’s of Batangas. The employment success of graduates was measured in terms of the companies’ reasons for hiring and skills that the new graduate applicants supposed to possess so they will fit for employment. The researcher used the contributions of 12 Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) of Batangas. Data were obtained from 106 human resource officers and unit heads from 61 business establishments in the cities of Lipa, Tanauan and Batangas. This study focuses on the employment transitions of new graduates to the labor market. What do we already know about the immediate area of concern? It was perceived that universities where students graduated from greatly influenced their employment success. The institution that established a reputation in terms of high quality of education is often believed to produce students that will most likely get hired than other students with unpopular schools. Also, the behavior of the applicant as a student is shown from school rankings. Good grades are important because employers may think it has an effect on the future work performances of an  employee. The human resource department gives examinations with questions about general information or questions related to the vacant positions to be filled up in order to measure the knowledge and characteristics of an applicant that could lead them toward employment success. Applicants were interviewed for clarifications of information or for recovering pertinent data about their applications that could help the hiring officers on their employment decisions. (What’s more important than the other? What gives more impact in the hiring process? Is having good grades or graduating from a popular university affects hiring status more that the exams or interviews an applicant has to go through before getting hired?) What are the characteristics of the key concepts and variables? Credentials. The labor market is consistent with asking for formal credentials as a requirement for the new graduate applicants. However, according to this research, results of the formulated questionnaires show that it is not an indicator of employment success. Credentials is just a mere requirement but not used as a tool for hiring and selection process. It is important to be presented and the applicant may have good academic performance but the information it contained, according to the respondents are yet to be verified if it reflects the employee’s future working performances. Higher Education Institutions or (HEI) Reputation. An institution that maintains a good reputation in terms of giving quality education produce students that has higher chance of getting employment success as the result of this research suggest and answers were given by the respondents from different labor market Human Resources officers or representatives. The research also proves that some companies are bias in hiring the graduates of a certain institution if there is an available position. This suggests that graduates from other HEI’s have a lower chance of getting hired. Higher Education Institutions or (HEI) Quality Assurance and Accreditation. The good reputation established by an HEI is also assisted by the quality assurance and accreditation examined and verified by external firms which may be local or international. Although reputation suggests a higher consistency as confirmed by the labor market of Batangas, it is certain that efforts in accreditation should be implemented by the HEI’s because it helps them a ttain a distinct reputation which will give their graduates equal chance on  getting hired. Employee Selection Process. Efforts on assessing job relevant characteristics were instigated by the HR’s during the hiring and selection process. They make use of tools such as examinations and interviews to further assess the applicants’ knowledge, capabilities and characteristics to get employed or be selected for a certain job position. According to the research, the labor market is highly consistent with selecting employees with desirable personality as suggests by the result in interviews implemented. Employment Success or Selection for a certain Job Position. The employment success doesn’t prove the new graduate applicants’ satisfaction with their entry in the labor market. They may be hired but some of the new graduates complain about their underemployment. According to the research, employers use tools such as examination and interviews as well as look upon the reputation of the schools in terms of accreditation to hire new employees. However, in the selection process the employers would most likely designate the employees to their job positions by using their credentials. What are the relationship between key variables, concepts and factors? The research aims to investigate the employment transitions by measuring the employment success, failure to get employed and underemployment based on the procedures or tools used by employers. The study shows that to attain possible employment success, a new graduate should be from a school with good reputation in terms of quality assurance. Another important factor is to pass the exam and interviews given by the HR or hiring officers. Credentials also played an important role although it needs t be verified and it may not be an indicator of employment success but employers used to designate employees to job positions. What are the existing theories, inconsistencies, shortcomings in our knowledge and understanding? The researcher used the social structure theories of middle range: the screening, credentialism and status construction theory. The over emphasis on credentials is not of great importance in employment success as emphasized on the study but it can’t be prematurely concluded since the local where the study is conducted is only limited in Batangas. How about the business districts in Manila (eg: Makati)? Some graduates of the HEI’s in Batangas may apply in Manila or  other business districts. Some applicants of companies in Batangas may have been graduated from schools in Manila or other places. What evidence is lacking, inconclusive, contradictory or limited? The quality of education is only measured using two factors: the reputation and accreditation. The research is not able to provide the evidence regarding the career landing of the new graduates from specific HEI that will prove the discrimination or the bias in hiring. The study did not focus on the employment success but also looks upon the failure to get hired and the underemployment, which were both lacking evidences. Why do we need to study the research problem? Literature provided by the researcher shows that although it was said that there is a shortage of employees in terms of job vacancies in the business industries and lack of competitiveness of the employees, ironically, there is a complain on being under employed. Also, literature regarding employee transition is deficient with empirical evidences. What contribution can the present study are expected to make? The study will help the education investors such as the parents or guardians of the students realize the importance of assessing institutions that will give them appropriate returns in the future. This research will also help the government sector in charge with the control and improvement of education industry make modification and enhancements with regards of quality assurance that would give graduates of different HEI’s equally opportunities in getting hired. What research method seems unsatisfactory? The research gave questionnaires with only 106 out of 200 were retrieved and completed. It is not stated whether the questionnaire floated has 1:1 ration with the companies in Batangas. The employees of the same company could answer the questionnaire, and if there were a difference in their answers, how would it reflect the hiring and selection process of the company as a whole?

IKEA Case Essay

1. ) There are three main factors that account for IKEA’s success in the furniture retailing industry: (a) its unique, Scandinavian designs, (b) its product strategy, and (c) its cost efficiency. a. IKEA’s simple, yet unique designs are undoubtedly a critical factor in its success as a furniture retailing company. In its early years, IKEA’s cost-focused strategy led to its manufacturing of â€Å"low-priced furniture [that] was functional at best, ugly at worst† (4). However, over the last decade, the company has deliberately focused on creating products with a more distinct design aesthetic. Today, consumers appreciate IKEA furniture for its both its functionality and appeal, rather than solely for its functionality. Ingvar Kamprad, the company’s founder, first introduced furniture into the IKEA product range in 1947. He solicited local Scandinavian manufacturers in the forests close to his home to design and build the furniture. The history of Scandinavian influence on IKEA’s products and its company culture was a major factor in its success. b. IKEA’s innovative â€Å"matrix† product strategy was also critical in the company’s success. Its product-development process was â€Å"overseen by a product-strategy council, which consisted of a group of senior managers who established priorities for IKEA’s product lineup† (3). After analyzing consumer trends, these priorities were established, and a product developer would use â€Å"the matrix† to set the product’s target retail price. The matrix is a grid that consists of three basic price ranges and four basic styles, and within each price range, the company would survey the competition and set benchmarks of prices 30% to 50% lower than those of its rivals (3). The matrix also used to identify gaps in IKEA’s product lineup, because there was a separate matrix for each type of product the company sold. The â€Å"matrix† product strategy was very successful and has generated massive amounts of revenue for the company. c. IKEA’s cost efficiency plan was a huge determinant of its success. In 1956, IKEA began designing products so that they could be packaged flat and assembled by customers on their own. This greatly reduced transportation, labor and storage costs, and it enabled the company to charge lower prices to consumers. IKEA estimated that its â€Å"transport volume was six times less than if it shipped its products assembled† (4). Like Wal-Mart, IKEA emphasized cost efficiency in its company culture. Employees were encouraged to save on electricity by turning off lights and idle computers, and managers always traveled coach and took buses instead of taxis if possible (3). The company focused on cost-efficiency in engineering its products as well. IKEA liked to use high-quality materials on furniture surfaces that were high-stress and visible and low-quality materials on surfaces that were low-stress and less visible to the consumer. These cost-cutting measures definitely helped IKEA become successful. 2. ) I believe IKEA’s slogan – â€Å"Low price with meaning† – perfectly parallels its product strategy and product range. The â€Å"matrix† development system seems overly simple, but it has been proven to work. Of course, there are sure to be some discrepancies regarding the competition’s prices, but IKEA’s product strategy and â€Å"matrix† system does a good job of targeting potential market opportunities as well as pinpointing areas of improvement and gaps in its product range. Overall, I think IKEA’s product strategy and its product range are perfectly suited to the company’s culture and slogan. The matrix system allows IKEA to deliver to customers the best possible product at low prices. 3. ) There are definitely some downsides to shopping at IKEA. The biggest downside is the realization that the furniture you are buying probably won’t last very long. Some of IKEA’s products have been known to fall apart after only a few years or during a simple move to another apartment. Another glaring downside is the fact that customers must pick-up and assemble their purchases without the help of an IKEA employee. Of course, this is part of what makes IKEA unique and what enables the company to charge its low prices. The final downside to shopping at IKEA is the low ratio of sales reps to customers. Ironically, the company’s vision statement proclaims that IKEA wishes to establish a â€Å"partnership† with its customers. On a global scale, IKEA has created a partnership with its customers through selling appealing yet affordable products. But on a smaller scale, and more specifically, within individual IKEA outlets, the company has failed its mission. Its strategy of having consumers purchase products (most likely without the help of a sales rep) and then immediately drive home to assemble them creates a clear disconnect between the company and its customers. Manufacturing functional furniture does not create relationships, it drives profits, and if IKEA truly wants to establish a â€Å"partnership† with each of its customers (while creating appealing and affordable furniture), it has to find a way to make consumers feel less disconnected; they have to feel as though they are a art of the brand. I believe more sales reps could be a good start to fixing this issue. 4. ) I agree with the concept of â€Å"mini-IKEA† stores. Implementing â€Å"IKEA Lite† shops would expose the brand to a larger and more diverse customer base. IKEA outlets are notorious for being large, cavernous warehouses – a typical outlet consumes 15,000 to 35,000 square meters. IKEA could create more brand awareness by installing IKEA Lite shops in shopping malls or in large, urban areas where retail space is scarce. Overall, I think it’s a great concept and would serve the brand well. 5. ) No, IKEA is not being overly optimistic in its growth plan of opening fifty stores in the United States by 2013. Many furniture retailers have far more than fifty stores in the United States. Wal-Mart, the leading US furniture retailer, has 4,005 stores in the US, so I think IKEA’s goal of fifty stores, while lofty, is perfectly reasonable and would position the company well to gain a greater market presence in North America. I think IKEA could improve its value proposition by providing more after-service support and communicating more with its consumers about who its suppliers are, what its working conditions are like, etc. , because Americans value ethical companies and transparency. We want to buy products from a company we can trust. 6. ) I don’t think IKEA needs to change a lot with regards to its product strategy in order to accomplish its goal of having 50 stores in the United States by 2013. I think IKEA should make the product matrix more detailed to account for the larger US furniture market. By this, I mean break down the designations of â€Å"high,† â€Å"medium,† and â€Å"low† in the product matrix into specific percentages. Going along with this, the company could add more than four styles to its product matrix to allow for more specificity. I believe if IKEA created more specific price points and furniture styles, the matrix system will continue to work and help the company identify gaps in its product line.